Whatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousing?Agooddealdepends,ofcourse,onthemeaningof“future”.Ifoneisthinkingintermsofsciencefictionandthespaceage,itisatleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefiction,fromH.G.Wellsonwards,havehadlittletosayonthesubject.Theyhaveconveyedthesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfort,witheveryconceivableapparatustomakelifesmooth,healthyandeasy,ifnothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof.Perhapssomenewbuildingmaterial,asyetunimagined,willhavebeendiscoveredorinventedatleast.Onemaybecertainthatbricksandmortar(泥灰，灰浆)willlonghavegoneoutoffashion.

Buttheproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthatunlesssomethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffood(orboth),millionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationoratthebestsufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethiscenturyisout.Butnobodyhasyetworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworstsituationswilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworld,wherehousingcanbelightstructureorinbackwardareaswherestandardsaretraditionallylow.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsofsomekindandintheteeming,bulgingtownsthelow-standard“housing”offlattenedpetrolcansanddirtycanvasisfarmorewastefulofgroundspacethancanbetolerated.

Sincethewar,HongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelytoariseinmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.Literallymillionsofrefugeesarrivedtoswellthealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakenrapidlytopreventsqualor(肮脏)anddiseaseandthespreadcrime.Thecityistacklingthesituationenergeticallyandenormousblocksoftenements(贫民住宅)arerisingatanastonishingaped.ButHongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnotmerelyahousingproblem,becausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereareaccompanyingproblemsofeducation,transport,hospitalservices,drainage,watersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamaygivethesameresourcesasHongKongtodrawuponandthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease.

1.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofhousingproblemsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Theymaybecompletelysolvedatsometimeinthefuture.

B.Theyareunimportantandeasilydealtwith.

C.Theywillnotbesolveduntilanewbuildingmaterialhasbeendiscovered.

D.Theyhavebeendealtwithinspecificdetailinbooksdescribingthefuture.

2.Thewriterissurethatinthedistantfuture___.

A.bricksandmortarwillbereplacedbysomeotherbuildingmaterial.

B.anewbuildingmaterialwillhavebeeninvented.

C.bricksandmortarwillnotbeusedbypeoplewhowanttheirhousetobefashionable.

D.anewwayofusingbricksandmortarwillhavebeendiscovered.

3.Thewriterbelievesthatthebiggestproblemlikelytoconfronttheworldbeforetheendofthecentury___.

A.isdifficulttoforesee.

B.willbehowtofeedtheevergrowingpopulation.

C.willbehowtoprovideenoughhousesinthehottestpartsoftheworld.

D.isthequestionoffindingenoughgroundspace.

4.Whenthewritersaysthattheworstsituationswilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworldorinbackwardareas,heisreferringtothefactthatintheseparts___.

A.standardsofbuildingarelow.

B.onlyminimumshelterwillbepossible.

C.thereisnotenoughgroundspace.

D.thepopulationgrowthwillbethegreatest.

5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesbestsummarizesParagraph3?

A.HongKonghasfacedaseriouscrisiscausedbymillionsofrefugees.

B.HongKonghassuccessfullydealtwiththeemergencycausedbymillionsofrefugees.

C.HongKong’scrisiswasnotonlyamatterofhousingbutincludedanumberofotherproblemsofpopulationgrowth.

D.ManypartsoftheworldmayhavetofacethekindofproblemsencounteredbyHongKongandmayfinditmuchhardertodealwiththem.

Theauthortellsusinparagraph4________.

翻译：

Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.(PassageFour)

翻译训练：

筷子(chopsticks)是中国传统的独具特色的进食工具(diningutensils)，至今已有数千年的历史。筷子在古代被称为“箸”，大约从明朝开始才有了“筷子”的称呼。筷子多为竹子制成，也有用木头、象牙(ivory)、金属或其他材料制作而成。它要么上方下圆，要么上下全圆而上粗下细。不管其形状如何，筷子必须是成对使用的，并且两只筷子的大小长短要相同。筷子是中国人日常生活的必备工具，它的发明充分反映了中国人民的智慧。

PartIVTranslation

Bymakingvehicleslighterinweightaluminumhasgreatlyreducedtheamountoffuelneededtomovethem,(PassageTwo)