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Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants
and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and animals are too small for
the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a
basic food for many larger animals. Plankton has been described as the
equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents, and the
comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value however, plankton far
outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while
grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates
each year. The sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much.
Despite its enormous food potential, little effort was made until recently to
farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now marine scientists have at last
begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom even
more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.
No one yet has seriously suggested that “planktonburgers” may soon become
popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source,
however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.
One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny
shrimplike creature called krill. Growing to two or three inches long, krill
provide the major food for the giant blue whale, the largest animal ever to
inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow 100 feet and weigh 150
tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton
of krill daily.
Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide,
mainly in the cold Antarctic. Because of their pink color, they often appear as
a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air. Krill are very
high in food value. A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460
calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster, to which they are related.
If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, many scientists reason,
they must certainly be contenders as new food source for humans.
1.Which of the following best portrays the organization of the passage?
A.The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a food
source.
B.The author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming
plankton.
C.The author classifies the different food sources according to amount of
carbohydrate.
D.The author makes a general statement about plankton as a food source and
then moves to a specific example.
2.According to the passage, why is plankton regarded to be more valuable than
land grasses?
A.It is easier to cultivate.
B.It produces more carbohydrates.
C.It does not require soil.
D.It is more palatable.
3.Why does the author mention “planktonburgers”?
A.To describe the appearance of one type of plankton.
B.To illustrate how much plankton a whale consumes.
C.To suggest plankton as a possible food sources.
D.To compare the food values of beef and plankton.
4.What is mentioned as one conspicuous feature of krill?
A.They are the smallest marine animals.
B.They are pink in color.
C.They are similar in size to lobsters.
D.They have grass like bodies.
5.The author mentions all of the following as reasons why plankton could be
considered a human food source except that it is ___.
A.high in food value.
B.in abundant supply in the oceans.
C.an appropriate food for other animals.
D.free of chemicals and pollutants.
Part II Vocabulary and Structure
Directions: In this part there are forty incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
21. A great many cancers can be cured but only if before they have begun to
spread or colonize in other parts of the body.
A. properly treat
B. properly treating
C. being properly treated
D. properly treated
22. she is a likeable girl, she is very difficult to work with.
A. Since B. However C. As far as D. While
23. All the tourists gave the robber their money.
A. frightened B. frightening C. frighten D. frightful
24. her age, she really did a good job in such a short time.
A. Giving B. Gives C. Give D. Given
25. The soldier was with neglecting his duty.
A. charged B. conducted C. charged D. committed
26. The reason why the car stopped was .
A. because the road was not good B. that the road was not good
C. due to the bad road D. because of the bad road
27. You’d better hurry, you might be late for class.
A. or B. and C. unless D. but
28. , he performed the task with success.
A. It was expected B. Which was expected
C. As was expected D. That was expected
29. The doctor felt John’s arm to if the bone was broken.
A. work out B. find out C. look at D. see out
30. He just my suggestion at the meeting yesterday.
A. put away B. shut down C. showed off D. brushed aside
31. The question at the next meeting remain a secret.
A. discussed B. to discuss C. to be discussed D. being discussed
32. His laziness his failure in the final exam.
A. gave up B. contributed C. resulted in D. distributed
33. The teacher’s to my statement about this poet led me to read widely about
poems.
A. change B. charge C. challenge D. chance
34. On most of the nights, Jane reading letters from her boyfriend.
A. stayed off B. stayed on C. stayed out D. stayed up
35. The first-year students were learning form the army in Miyun, a suburb of
Beijing near I lived.
A. what B. where C. that D. which
36. Lynda and hundreds of young people like him the post of typist.
A. approached B. applied for C. appealed to D. approved of
37. Anybody is entitled to such benefit of age or sex.
A. regardless B. whether C. in spite D. in case
38. In this building each apartment could a family of six.
A. house B. cover C. make D. include
39. I tried to get out of the business, I found impossible.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
40. When he explained it again and again, the student’s patience .
A. ran over B. ran on C. ran out D. ran off
41. When her neighbor Grandma Wang became ill, the girl often .
A. fitted in B. worked out C. held back D. helped out
42. If you really want to apply for the dangerous job, I won’t , thought I
think it’s a crazy idea.
A. stood in your way B. stand on the way
C. stand in your way D. stand by the way
43. He was trying to read; , the phone kept ringing.
A. meanwhile B. then C. later D. afterwards
44. I am out of those people who like a strenuous (费力的) holiday; I believe in
.
A. took it easy B. taken it easy
C. taking it easy D. taking it easily
45. The police matched the finger prints and found they were .
A. equivalent B. identical C. similar D. equal
46. Formally, in the United States, many nurses worked as private duty nurses
in hospitals.
A. other than B. more than C. less than D. rather than
47. If you don’t mind. I do my homework than play cards with you.
A. had better B. prefer C. would rather D. would like
48. Their idea was to get us to the strike at once.
A. call at B. call off C. call in D. call for
49. My car so I had to come by bus.
A. fell down B. broke down C. fell over D. turned away
50. I could tell he was surprised from the on his face.
A. appearance B. sight C. expression D. explanation
51. Which is , North America or South America?
A. biggest B. the biggest C. more biggest D. bigger
52. You should observe carefully how the audience his speech.
A. reach to B. refer to C. react to D. relate to
53. These farmers got a good harvest last year, so they a big sum of money
for new farm machines.
A. set aside B. set about C. set up D. set back
54. One of my sayings is “where there is a will, there is a way.”
A. likely B. favorable C. alike D. favorite
55. All is a continuous supply of fuel oil.
A. what is needed B. that is needed
C. the thing is needed D. for their needs
56. The high income tax is harmful it may discourage people from trying to
earn more.
A. in that B. that C. in which D. which
57. A new technique out, the yield increases by 20%.
A. having working B. having been worked
C. at a loss D. for good
58. The bird flew into the air and was soon .
A. out of sight B. in a hurry C. at a loss D. for good
59. It is decided that he for a bus to meet the guests from Beijing.
A. call B. calls C. arrange D. arranges
60. I know it’s not important but I can’t help about it.
A. to think B. thinking C. and think D. being thought
Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify moods and actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individual’s behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the body’s changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.
Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues. Bayliss and starling demonstrated that chemical integration could occur without participation of the nervous system.
The term “hormone” was first used with reference to secretion. Starling derived the term from the Greek hormone, meaning “to excite or set in motion. The term “endocrine” was introduced shortly thereafter “Endocrine” is used to refer to glands that secret products into the bloodstream. The term “endocrine” contrasts with “exocrine”, which is applied to glands that secret their products though ducts to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secrets pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless.
1.What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?
A.To explain the specific functions of various hormones.
B.To provide general information about hormones.
C.To explain how the term “hormone” evolved.
D.To report on experiments in endocrinology.
2.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A.The human body requires large amounts of most hormones.
B.Synthetic hormones can replace a person’s natural supply of hormones if
necessary.
C.The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related
to a person’s age.
D.The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early
in life.
3.It can be inferred from the passage that before the Bayliss and Starling
experiments, most people believed that chemical integration occurred
only___.
A.during sleep.
B.in the endocrine glands.
C.under control of the nervous system.
D.during strenuous exercise.
4.The word “liberate” could best be replaced by which of the following?
A.Emancipate B.Discharge C.Surrender D.Save
5.According to the passage another term for exocrine glands is___.
A.duct glands
B.endocrine glands
C.ductless glands
D.intestinal glands.
Part III Cloze
Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank
there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage and then
marks your answer on the Answer Sheet.
There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first
is the sort of brain he is born 61 . Human brains differ considerably, 62 being
more capable than others. 63 no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an
individual will have a low order of intelligence 64 he has opportunities to
learn. So the second factor is what 65 to the individual—the sort of environment
in which he is brought 66 . If an individual is handicapped (受阻碍) 67 , it is
likely that his brain will 68 to develop and he will 69 attain the level of
intelligence of which he is 70 .
The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can
be 71 by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins
were three months old, their parents died, and they are placed in 72 foster (寄养)
homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an 73 community with
poor educational 74 . John, 75 , was educated in the home of well-to-do parents
who has been to college. This environmental 76 continued until the twins were 77
their late teens, 78 they were given tests to 79 their intelligence. John’s I.Q.
(智商) was 125, twenty-five points higher than the 80 and fully forty points
higher than his identical brother.
61. A. for B. by C. with D. in
62. A. most B. some C. many D. few
63. A. But B. For C. Still D. And
64. A. if B. thought C. as D. unless
65. A. refers B. applies C. happens D. concerns
66. A. about B. up C. forward D. forth
67. A. relatively B. intelligently C. regularly D. environmentally
68. A. fail B. help C. manage D. stop
69. A. ever B. never C. even D. nearly
70. A. able B. capable C. available D. acceptable
71. A. demonstrated B. denied C. neglected D. ignored
72. A. separate B. similar C. remote D. individual
73. A. omitted B. isolated C. enclosed D. occupied
74. A. possibilities B. opportunities C. capacities D. responsibilities
75. A. moreover B. consequently C. then D. however
76. A. exception B. division C. difference D. alteration
77. A. in B. by C. at C. for
78. A. while B. since C. when D. because
79. A. estimate B. count C. decide D. measure
80. A. average B. common C. usual D. ordinary
