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影响遗忘的主要因素有哪些?

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正确答案:

①学习者的需要和兴趣。人们需要的、感兴趣的东西遗忘得较慢,而人们不需要的、不感兴趣的东西遗忘得较快。

②材料的意义、性质和数量。形象性的材料、有意义的语义材料,特别是诗歌比无意义的材料遗忘得慢。材料的数量越大,刚识记后遗忘就越多。

③学习程度。如果学习达到刚刚能够掌握之后还继续学习一段时间,就是过度学习。过度学习要比刚能背诵的记忆效果要好。当然过度学习也有一定的限度,否则造成精力和时间上的浪费。

④材料序列对遗忘也会产生影响。

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