当前位置:考试网  > 试卷库  > 学历类  > 自考  > 自考专业(行政管理)  > 行政组织理论  >  试述马克思主义关于“议行合一”制原则的主要内容。依其原则建立起来的我国人民代表大会制又有哪些特点?
试题预览

试述马克思主义关于“议行合一”制原则的主要内容。依其原则建立起来的我国人民代表大会制又有哪些特点?

查看答案
收藏
纠错
正确答案:

(1)马克思主义关于“议行合一”原则的主要内容:1)行政组织是阶级性与社会性的统一;2)无产阶级国家的政府管理组织必须坚持“议行合一”原则;3)人民应参与国家管理并成为国家行政组织的主体;4)无产阶级国家政府组织活动应置于人民群众监督之下,切实履行其职责;5)无产阶级国家的行政组织(政府)应是真正意义上的“廉价政府”;等等。

(2)人国人民代表大会制的特点:1)人民代表大会是国家的最高权力机关,其代表是由民主选举产生,并受人民监督,选民或选举单位有权署名不称职的人民代表;2)国家行政机关、司法机关及其他职能部门都由人民代表大会产生,对它负责,受它监督;3)人民代表大会实行民主集中制的组织原则。

答案解析:

暂无解析

你可能感兴趣的试题

孙中山“五权宪法”思想的理论依据是()

行政组织变革的内部原因主要有()。

行政组织自身管理中纪律约束方法的理论假设是()

间接地为实现整个行政组织目标服务的机关是()

结合史实,分析概括奴隶制时期古希腊、古罗马行政组织的主要特点。

热门试题 更多>
试题分类: 口语
练习次数:0次
试题分类: 外贸跟单基础理论
练习次数:0次
试题分类: 初级(口语)
练习次数:0次
Roguetheoryofsmellgetsaboost 1.Acontroversialtheoryofhowwesmell,whichclaimsthatourfinesenseofodourdependsonquantummechanics,hasbeengiventhethumbsupbyateamofphysicists. 2.CalculationsbyresearchersatUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)showthattheideathatwesmellodourmoleculesbysensingtheirmolecularvibrationsmakessenseintermsofthephysicsinvolved. 3.That'sstillsomewayfromprovingthatthetheory,proposedinthemid-1990sbybiophysicistLucaTurin,iscorrect.Butitshouldmakeotherscientiststaketheideamoreseriously. 4."Thisisabigstepforward,"saysTurin,whohasnowsetuphisownperfumecompanyFlexitralinVirginia.Hesaysthatsincehepublishedhistheory,"ithasbeenignoredratherthancriticized." 5.Mostscientistshaveassumedthatoursenseofsmelldependsonreceptorsinthenosedetectingtheshapeofincomingmolecules,whichtriggersasignaltothebrain.Thismolecular'lockandkey'processisthoughttoliebehindawiderangeofthebody'sdetectionsystems:itishowsomepartsoftheimmunesystemrecogniseinvaders,forexample,andhowthetonguerecognizessometastes. 6.ButTurinarguedthatsmelldoesn'tseemtofitthispictureverywell.Moleculesthatlookalmostidenticalcansmellverydifferent—suchasalcohols,whichsmelllikespirits,andthiols,whichsmelllikerotteneggs.Andmoleculeswithverydifferentstructurescansmellsimilar.Moststrikingly,somemoleculescansmelldifferent—toanimals,ifnotnecessarilytohumans—simplybecausetheycontaindifferentisotopes(atomsthatarechemicallyidenticalbuthaveadifferentmass). 7.Turin'sexplanationforthesesmellyfactsinvokestheideathatthesmellsignalinolfactoryreceptorproteinsistriggerednotbyanodourmolecule'sshape,butbyitsvibrations,whichcanenourageanelectrontojumpbetweentwopartsofthereceptorinaquantum-mechanicalprocesscalledtunnelling.Thiselectronmovementcouldinitiatethesmellsignalbeingsenttothebrain. 8.Thiswouldexplainwhyisotopescansmelldifferent:theirvibrationfrequenciesarechangediftheatomsareheavier.Turin'smechanism,saysMarshallStonehamoftheUCLteam,ismorelikeswipe-cardidentificationthanakeyfittingalock. 9.Vibration-assistedelectrontunnellingcanundoubtedlyoccur—itisusedinanexperimentaltechniqueformeasuringmolecularvibrations."Thequestioniswhetherthisispossibleinthenose,"saysStoneham'scolleague,AndrewHorsfield. 10.StonehamsaysthatwhenhefirstheardaboutTurin'sidea,whileTurinwashimselfbasedatUCL,"Ididn'tbelieveit".But,headds,"becauseitwasaninterestingidea,IthoughtIshouldproveitcouldn'twork.Ididsomesimplecalculations,andonlythenbegantofeelLucacouldberight."NowStonehamandhisco-workershavedonethejobmorethoroughly,inapapersoontobepublishedinPhysicalReviewLetters. 11.TheUCLteamcalculatedtheratesofelectronhoppinginanosereceptorthathasanodorantmoleculeboundtoit.Thisratedependsonvariouspropertiesofthebiomolecularsystemthatarenotknown,buttheresearcherscouldestimatetheseparametersbasedontypicalvaluesformoleculesofthissort. 12.Thekeyissueiswhetherthehoppingratewiththeodorantinplaceissignificantlygreaterthanthatwithoutit.Thecalculationsshowthatitis—whichmeansthatodouridentificationinthiswayseemstheoreticallypossible. 13.ButHorsfieldstressesthatthat'sdifferentfromaproofofTurin'sidea."Sofarthingslookplausible,butweneedproperexperimentalverification.We'rebeginningtothinkaboutwhatexperimentscouldbeperformed." 14.Meanwhile,Turinispressingaheadwithhishypothesis."AtFlexitralwehavebeendesigningodorantsexclusivelyonthebasisoftheircomputedvibrations,"hesays."Oursuccessrateatodorantdiscoveryistwoordersofmagnitudebetterthanthecompetition."Attheveryleast,heisputtinghismoneywherehisnoseis. Questions5-9 Completethesentencesbelowwithwordsfromthepassage.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer. 5.Thehypothesisthatwesmellbysensingthemolecularvibrationwasmadeby______. 6.Turin'scompanyisbasedin______. 7.Mostscientistsbelievedthatournoseworksinthesamewayasour______. 8.Differentisotopescansmelldifferentwhen______weighdifferently. 9.AccordingtoAudrewHorsfield,itisstilltobeprovedthat______couldreallyoccurinhumannose.
试题分类: 阅读
练习次数:0次
Don'twashthosefossils! StandardmuseumpracticecanwashawayDNA. 1.Washing,brushingandvarnishingfossils—allstandardconservationtreatmentsusedbymanyfossilhuntersandmuseumcuratorsalike—vastlyreducesthechancesofrecoveringancientDNA. 2.Instead,excavatorsshouldbehandlingatleastsomeoftheirbountywithgloves,andfreezingsamplesastheyarefound,dirtandall,concludesapaperintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencestoday. 3.AlthoughmanypalaeontologistsknowanecdotallythatthisisthebestwaytouptheoddsofextractinggoodDNA,Eva-MariaGeigloftheJacquesMonodInstituteinParis,France,andhercolleagueshavenowshownjusthowimportantconservationpracticescanbe.Thisinformation,theysay,needstobehammeredhomeamongthepeoplewhoareactuallyoutinthefielddiggingupbones. 4.Geiglandhercolleagueslookedat3,200-year-oldfossilbonesbelongingtoasingleindividualofanextinctcattlespecies,calledanaurochs.ThefossilsweredugupatasiteinFranceattwodifferenttimes—eitherin1947,andstoredinamuseumcollection,orin2004,andconservedinsterileconditionsat-20oC. 5.Theteam'sattemptstoextractDNAfromthe1947bonesallfailed.Thenewlyexcavatedfossils,however,allyieldedDNA. 6.Becausetheboneshadbeenburiedforthesameamountoftime,andinthesameconditions,theconservationmethodhadtobetoblamesaysGeigl."AsmuchDNAwasdegradedinthese57yearsasinthe3,200yearsbefore,"shesays. Washin,washout 7.Becausemanypalaeontologistsbasetheirworkontheshapeoffossilsalone,theirmethodsofconservationarenotdesignedtopreserveDNA,Geiglexplains. 8.Thebiggestproblemishowtheyarecleaned.Fossilsareoftenwashedtogetheron-siteinalargebath,whichcanallowwater—andcontaminantsintheformofcontemporaryDNA—topermeateintotheporousbones."NotonlyistheauthenticDNAgettingwashedout,butcontaminationisgettingwashedin,"saysGeigl. 9.MostancientDNAspecialistsknowthisalready,saysHendrikPoinar,anevolutionarygeneticistatMcMasterUniversityinOntario,Canada.Butthatdoesn'tmeanthatbestpracticehasbecomewidespreadamongthosewhoactuallyfindthefossils. 10.GettingholdoffossilsthathavebeenpreservedwiththeirDNAinmindreliesoncloserelationshipsbetweenlab-basedgeneticistsandtheexcavators,sayspalaeogeneticistSvantePbooftheMaxPlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropologyinLeipzig,Germany.Andthatonlyoccursinexceptionalcases,hesays. 11.Pbo'steam,whichhasbeensequencingNeanderthalDNA,continuallyfacestheseproblems."WhenyouwanttostudyancienthumanandNeanderthalremains,there'sabigissueofcontaminationwithcontemporaryhumanDNA,"hesays. 12.Thisdoesn'tmeanthatallmuseumspecimensarefatallyflawed,notesPbo.TheNeanderthalfossilsthatwererecentlysequencedinhisownlab,forexample,hadbeenpartofamuseumcollectiontreatedinthetraditionalway.ButPboiskeentoseesamplesoffossilsfromeverymajorfindpreservedinlinewithGeigl'srecommendations—justincase. Warmandwet 13.Geiglherselfbelievesthat,withcooperationbetweenbenchandfieldresearchers,preservingfossilsproperlycouldopenupavenuesofdiscoverythathavelongbeenassumedclosed. 14.Muchhumanculturaldevelopmenttookplaceintemperateregions.DNAdoesnotsurvivewellinwarmenvironmentsinthefirstplace,andcanvanishwhenfossilsarewashedandtreated.Forthisreason,Geiglsays,mostancientDNAstudieshavebeendoneonpermafrostsamples,suchasthewoollymammoth,oronremainsshelteredfromtheelementsincoldcaves—includingcavebearandNeanderthalfossils. 15.Betterconservationmethods,andafocusonfreshfossils,couldboostDNAextractionfrommoredelicatespecimens,saysGeigl.Andthatcouldshedmorelightonthestoryofhumanevolution. (640wordsnature) Glossary Palaeontologists古生物学家 Aurochs欧洲野牛 Neanderthal(人类学)尼安德特人,旧石器时代的古人类。 Permafrost(地理)永冻层 Questions1-6 AnswerthefollowingquestionsbyusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer. 1.Howdidpeopletraditionallytreatfossils? 2.WhatsuggestionsdoGeiglandhercolleaguesgiveonwhatshouldbedonewhenfossilsarefound? 3.Whatproblemsmaybeposediffossilbonesarewashedon-site?NameONE. 4.WhatcharacteristicdofossilboneshavetomakethemsusceptibletobecontaminatedwithcontemporaryDNAwhentheyarewashed? 5.Whatcouldbebetterunderstoodwhenconservationtreatmentsareimproved? 6.Thepassagementionedseveralanimalspeciesstudiedbyresearchers.Howmanyofthemarementioned? Questions7-11 Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage?PleasewriteTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththewriterFALSEifthestatementdoesnotagreewiththewriterNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationaboutthisinthepassage. 7.IntheirpaperpublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,GeiglandhercolleagueshaveshownwhatconservationpracticesshouldbefollowedtopreserveancientDNA. 8.ThefossilbonesthatGeiglandhercolleaguesstudiedareallfromthesameaurochs. 9.Geneticistsdon'thavetoworkonsite. 10.OnlynewlyexcavatedfossilbonesusingnewconservationmethodssuggestedbyGeiglandhercolleaguescontainancientDNA. 11.Paaboisstillworriedaboutthepotentialproblemscausedbytreatmentsoffossilsintraditionalway. Questions12-13 CompletethefollowingthestatementsbychoosingletterA-Dforeachanswer. 12.“Thisinformation”inparagraph3indicates: [A]ItiscriticaltofollowproperpracticesinpreservingancientDNA. [B]ThebestwayofgettinggoodDNAistohandlefossilswithgloves. [C]Fossilhuntersshouldwearhome-madehammerswhilediggingupbones. [D]Manypalaeontologistsknowhowoneshoulddointreatingfossils. 13.ThestudyconductedbyGeiglandhercolleaguessuggests: [A]thefactthatancientDNAcannotberecoveredfromfossilbonesexcavatedinthepast. [B]thecorrelationbetweentheamountofburyingtimeandthatoftherecoveredDNA. [C]thepaceatwhichDNAdegrades. [D]thecorrelationbetweenconservationpracticesanddegradationofDNA.
试题分类: 阅读
练习次数:0次
试题分类: 理论与实务
练习次数:0次
扫一扫,手机做题