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变形缝分几种类型?其各自的设置原则是什么?

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正确答案:

根据外界破坏因素的不同,把变形缝分三种,即伸缩缝、沉降缝和防震缝。

(1)、伸缩缝:伸缩缝也叫温度缝,是考虑温度变化时对建筑物的影响而设置的。气候的冷热变化会使建筑材料和构配件产生胀缩变形,太长和太宽的建筑物都会由于这种胀缩而出现墙体开裂甚至破坏。因此,把太长和太宽的建筑物设置伸缩缝分割成若干个区段,保证各段自由胀缩,从而避免墙体的开裂。伸缩缝缝宽20~30mm,内填弹性保温材料。

(2)、沉降缝:沉降缝是考虑房屋有可能会在某些部位出现不均匀沉降而设置的。当建筑物相邻部分的高差、荷载、结构形式以及地基承载力等有较大差异或建筑物的平面形状复杂或相连建筑物分期建造时,相邻部位就有可能出现不均匀沉降,从而导致整个建筑物的开裂、倾斜甚至倒塌。因此,设置沉降缝把建筑物分割成若干个独立单元,保证每个单元各自沉降,彼此不受制约。沉降缝的宽度一般为30~120mm。

(3)、防震缝:防震缝是考虑地震对建筑的破坏而设置的。对于地震设防地区的多层砌体房屋,当房屋的立面高差在6 米以上时,或房屋有错层,且楼板高差较大时,或房屋各部分结构刚度、质量截然不同时,地震中,房屋的相邻部分有可能相互碰撞而造成破坏,因此,需要设计防震缝把建筑物分割成若干个形体简单、结构刚度均匀的独立单元,以避免震害。防震缝的宽度一般为50~100mm。

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