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文学传播的阶段有哪些?

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正确答案:

文学传播经历了口头传播、书写印刷传播和电子传播三个阶段。

(1)在原始社会,文学是经过口传方式被接受与流传的。那时人类有了语言,并运用语言和想象方式创造了解释世界万物的神话。在部落、氏族里,作为文学源头的神话以最自然朴实的口口相传方式被一代又一代人延承下来。有声语言是神话唯一的存在方式与传播媒介,因而这一时期的文学被称为口头文学或口传文学。

(2)随着文字的创造,人类进入了文明时代,出现了书写印刷的文学传播方式。先是书写,文学以笔墨纸张等物质载体与文字形式流传。中国古代印刷术的创造标志着一种新的传播方式的诞生,但手工作坊的印刷物数量有限,其传播范围只能局限于官员与文人阶层。

(3)电子媒介的出现是传播方式的又一大飞跃。广播、电影、电视的产生,作为最现代化最大众化的传播方式冲击着书写文化与文学的传统地位。一些更新颖的电子媒介还在不断涌现,如多媒体技术改变了人类的信息接受系统,互联网将世界融为一体,现代数码成像技术比古老的神话更善于制造虚拟现实。

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