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试论商业银行的设立条件及程序。

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正确答案:

设立条件:

我国《商业银行法》第12条规定了设立商业银行的条件:第一,有符合《商业银行法》和《公司法》规定的章程;第二,符合《商业银行法》规定的注册资本最低限额;第三,有具备任职专业知识和业务工作经验的董事、高级管理人员;第四,有健全的组织机构和管理制度;第五,有符合要求的营业场所、安全防范设施和与业务有关的其他设施。设立商业银行,还应当符合其他审慎性条件。

按照银监会的现行规章,商业银行法人机构设立须经筹建和开业两个阶段。

(1)筹建阶段

筹建商业银行,应当由发起人各方共同向银监会提交筹建申请,由银监会受理、审查并决定。发起人应提交《商业银行法》第14条规定的申请文件、资料:①申请书,申请书应当载明拟设立的商业银行的名称、所在地、注册资本、业务范围等;②可行性报告;③银监会规定提交的其他文件、资料。银监会自受理之日起4个月内作出批准或不批准的书面决定。商业银行法人机构的筹建期为批准决定之日起6个月。未能按期筹建的,该机构筹建组应在筹建期限届满前1个月向银监会提交筹建延期申请。银监会自接到书面申请之日起20日内作出是否批准延期的决定。筹建延期的最长期限为3个月。筹建组应在筹建期限届满前提交开业申请,逾期未提交的,筹建批准文件失效,由决定机关办理筹建许可注销手续。

(2)开业申请与审批

商业银行筹建完毕,应向银监会提交开业申请,银监会审查符合规定的,申请人填写正式申请表,提交《商业银行法》第15条规定的文件资料,包括:

①银行的章程草案;

②拟任职

的董事、高级管理人员的资格证明;

③法定验资机构出具的验资证明;

④股东名册及其出资额、股份;

⑤持有注册资本5%以上的大股东的资信证明和有关资料;

⑥经营方针和计划;

⑦营业场所、安全防范措施以及与业务有关的其他设施的资料;

⑧银监会规定的其他文件和资料等。

中国银监会自受理之日起两个月内作出核准或不予核准的书面决定。核准的,颁发金融许可证。

(3)开业登记

商业银行应在收到开业核准文件并领取金融许可证后,到工商行政管理部门办理登记,领取营业执照,并自领取营业执照之日起6个月内开业。未能按期开业的,该机构应在开业期限届满前1个月向银监会提出开业延期申请。银监会自接到书面申请之日起20日内作出是否批准延期的决定。开业延期的最长期限为3个月。商业银行未在前款规定期限内开业的,开业核准文件失效,由决定机关办理开业许可注销手续,收回其金融许可证,并予以公告。

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