翻译训练：
酒和饮酒文化在中国的历史中占据着重要地位。从宋代开始，白酒(white liquor)成为中国人饮用的主要酒类。中国白酒制作工艺复杂，原料丰富多样，是世界著名的六大蒸馏酒(distilled liquor)之一。中国有很多优秀的白酒品牌，受到不同人群的喜爱。在当代社会，饮酒文化得到了前所未有的丰富和发展。不同地区和场合的饮酒习俗和礼仪已成为中国人日常生活中重要的部分。在几千年的文明史中，酒几乎渗透到社会生活中的各个领域，如文学创作、饮食保健等。
Alcohol and its drinking culture have always played asignificant rolein Chinese history. In the SongDynasty, white liquor became the main type ofalcohol Chinese people drunk. Chinese liquor has acomplicated productionprocess and can be madefrom various raw materials, making it one of the sixworld-famous distilled liquor. There are lotsof excellent brandsin China favored by different groups of people. In contemporary society,the drinkingculture has undergone unprecedented enrichment and development.The drinking customs and rituals in different regions and on differentoccasions have become animportant part of Chinese people's daily life.In thousands of years of civilization, alcohol haspenetrated into almost every aspect of social life, such as literary creation, diet and healthcare.
暂无解析
Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.
Weareconvinced____therighteousnessofourcause.
翻译训练：大学生创业
近年来大学生创业(entrepreneurship)问题越来越受到社会的关注,因为受过多年教育的大学生属于高级知识分子,他们背负着社会的种种期望。在社会经济繁荣发展的同时,大学生创业也成为新气象。现代大学生有创新精神,有对传统观念和传统行业挑战的信心和欲望,而这种创新精神也成为大学生创业的动力源泉,成为成功创业的信心基础。大学生怀揣创业梦想,努力打拼,实现自己的理想,证明自己的价值。
PartIIICloze
Directions:Therearetwentyblanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestfitsintothepassageandthenmarksyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.
Whatmakesachildspeakalanguagehaslongbeenapuzzletolinguists.61speaking,therearetwoschoolsoflinguists,bothofwhomtrytoexplain62achildpicksupalanguagesoeasily.Thefactthatachildpicksalanguage63is64:Atoneyearold,achildisabletosay“bye-bye”;attwo,heisabletousefifty;bytherehebeginsto65tenses.ThefamousAmericanlinguistNoamChomsky66thathumanbeinghaveasortofbuilt-insystemforlanguageuse,andthatthe67is68.Childrenarenottaughtlanguage69theyaretaughtarithmetic.Otherlinguists,70,holdtheviewthatachildlearns71ofhislanguagefromthehintsintheenvironment.72,theoristsofbothschools73thatthereisabiologicalbasisforlanguageuse.The74iswhichismoreimportant,theinnerabilityortheenvironment.Thisiscertainlyafield75tobeexplored.Researchersfrombothschoolsarebusyfindingevidenceto76theirowntheory,but77sideispersuadingtheother.
Itseemsthatinorderto78whyachildlearnsalanguagesoeasily,wehaveto79thejointeffortsofbothschools.Somelinguist,likeDeVilliers,hasrecognizedthevalueofcooperation,and80linguistsofbothsidestoworktogether.
61.A.SurprisinglyB.PersonallyC.ProperlyD.Roughly
62.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.how
63.A.independentlyB.naturallyC.withouthelpD.withease
64.A.confusingB.surprisingC.questionedD.suspected
65.A.masterB.studyC.haveD.get
66.A.doubtsB.believesC.realizesD.criticizes
67.A.helpB.teacherC.environmentD.hint
68.A.quiteessentialB.veryimportantC.notnecessaryD.onlysecondary
69.A.asB.forC.whenD.though
70.A.inparticularB.asaresultC.howeverD.therefore
71.A.alittleB.someC.nothingD.most
72.A.BeforeB.FromnowonC.JustnowD.Bynow
73.A.suspectB.disagreeC.agreeD.realize
74.A.caseB.argumentC.problemD.question
75.A.waitingB.planningC.neverD.unlikely
76.A.provideB.createC.supplyD.support
77.A.notaB.oneC.neitherD.either
78.A.findoutB.ruleoutC.searchforD.lookfor
79.A.getridofB.trustinC.relyonD.persistin
80.A.orderedB.criticizedC.challengedD.urged
Withoutregularsuppliesofsomehormonesourcapacitytobehavewouldbeseriouslyimpaired;withoutotherswewouldsoondie.Tinyamountsofsomehormonescanmodifymoodsandactions,ourinclinationtoeatordrink,ouraggressivenessorsubmissiveness,andourreproductiveandparentalbehavior.Andhormonesdomorethaninfluenceadultbehavior;earlyinlifetheyhelptodeterminethedevelopmentofbodilyformandmayevendetermineanindividual’sbehavioralcapacities.Laterinlifethechangingoutputsofsomeendocrineglandsandthebody’schangingsensitivitytosomehormonesareessentialaspectsofthephenomenaofaging.
Communicationwithinthebodyandtheconsequentintegrationofbehaviorwereconsideredtheexclusiveprovinceofthenervoussystemuptothebeginningofthepresentcentury.TheemergenceofendocrinologyasaseparatedisciplinecanprobablybetracedtotheexperimentsofBaylissandStarlingonthehormonesecretion.Thissubstanceissecretedfromcellsintheintestinalwallswhenfoodentersthestomach;ittravelsthroughthebloodstreamandstimulatesthepancreastoliberatepancreaticjuice,whichaidsindigestion.Byshowingthatspecialcellssecretchemicalagentsthatareconveyedbythebloodstreamandregulatedistanttargetorgansortissues.Baylissandstarlingdemonstratedthatchemicalintegrationcouldoccurwithoutparticipationofthenervoussystem.
Theterm“hormone”wasfirstusedwithreferencetosecretion.StarlingderivedthetermfromtheGreekhormone,meaning“toexciteorsetinmotion.Theterm“endocrine”wasintroducedshortlythereafter“Endocrine”isusedtorefertoglandsthatsecretproductsintothebloodstream.Theterm“endocrine”contrastswith“exocrine”,whichisappliedtoglandsthatsecrettheirproductsthoughductstothesiteofaction.Examplesofexocrineglandsarethetearglands,thesweatglands,andthepancreas,whichsecretspancreaticjuicethroughaductintotheintestine.Exocrineglandsarealsocalledductglands,whileendocrineglandsarecalledductless.
1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?
A.Toexplainthespecificfunctionsofvarioushormones.
B.Toprovidegeneralinformationabouthormones.
C.Toexplainhowtheterm“hormone”evolved.
D.Toreportonexperimentsinendocrinology.
2.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?
A.Thehumanbodyrequireslargeamountsofmosthormones.
B.Synthetichormonescanreplaceaperson’snaturalsupplyofhormonesifnecessary.
C.Thequantityofhormonesproducedandtheireffectsonthebodyarerelatedtoaperson’sage.
D.Theshortchildoftallparentsverylikelyhadahormonedeficiencyearlyinlife.
3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforetheBaylissandStarlingexperiments,mostpeoplebelievedthatchemicalintegrationoccurredonly___.
A.duringsleep.
B.intheendocrineglands.
C.undercontrolofthenervoussystem.
D.duringstrenuousexercise.
4.Theword“liberate”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?
A.EmancipateB.DischargeC.SurrenderD.Save
5.Accordingtothepassageanothertermforexocrineglandsis___.
A.ductglands
B.endocrineglands
C.ductlessglands
D.intestinalglands.
