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试述人体细胞内核酸的种类、结构、含量、分布与生理功能。

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正确答案:

细胞内核酸分DNA与RNA两大类,而RNA主要分成mRNA,rRNA与tRNA三种DNA与RNA均有链状一级结构,仅DNA分子中有T而RNA分子中有U,且DNA尚有双螺旋二级结构,超螺旋三级结构,而RNA较简单,具有单链局部双螺旋二级结构、tRNA为三叶草结构。DNA在所有体细胞中含量恒定,而体细胞内RNA含量一般并非固定不变DNA98%存在于细胞核内,而RNA90%分布在细胞质中。DNA生理功能是储存遗传信息,而RNA的生理功能是转录DNA的遗传信息,参与细胞内蛋白质的生物合成。

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